Lesson 22. 관계절

명사절: 주어/ 목적어/ 보어 자리 들어가는 절

형용사 절: N 접속사[주어] + 동사 : 관계대명사, 관계부사

부사절: 접속사 주어 + 동사[부사절], 주어 + 동사 [주절]

형용사 절 접속사 -> N 접속사 + [주어] + 동사

who

N which -> 관계대명사 [불완전한 문장]

that

when

N where -> 관계부사 [완벽한 문장]

how

why

1. 관계절의 자리와 쓰임

- 관계절은 주어와 동사 사이나 문장의 끝에 온다.

The students[ whom Ms. Henderson taught] were from Japan. -주어와 동사 사이

I didn't get a copy of the report [which was handed out yesterday.] - 문장의 마지막

- 관계절 자리에 대명사나 부사는 올 수 없다.

Feel free to take the brochures, [those, which ] are located at reception.

I often shop at the market [there, where] farmers sell fresh produce.

- 관계절의 동사 자리에 [준동사, 명사, 부사]는 불가

The university will contact those who [passing, pass] the entrance exam.

O 주격 관계대명사의 수 일치

who

N which + V -> Anyone who is

that -> Those who are

[S]

선행사가 사람이면 who[m], 사물이면 which를 쓴다

선행사\ 격 주격 목적격 소유격[형] + 명사

사람 who whom, who whose

사물, 동물 which which whose, of which

사람, 사물, 동물 that that ---

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-선행사가 사람이면 who[m], 사물이면 which

Ms. Harris wants to hire an assistant [which, who] is well organized.

The invitations [who, which] were left with Ms. Rawson need to be sent out.

% that은 콤마, 전치사 다음에 사용 불가

- 관계대명사에는 주격, 목적격, 소유격이 있다.

O 주격

I haven't met the woman [ who is speaking at the podium.]

The train [which is at platform] 9 is heading for Vienna.

O 목적격

The man [whom/ who] I introduced to you in my boss.[that도 가능]

Eva accepted the promotion [which] her supervisor offered.[that도 가능]

O 소유격 [형용사 역할]

N whose N + 완벽한 문장 / Your car / Your new car

- I have a car. Its color is red. -> I have a car whose color is red.

- I have a car. Everybody likes its color.

- > I have a car whose color everybody likes.

- I have a car. Everybody likes its beautiful design.

- > I have a car whose beautiful design everybody likes.

###. 가장 많이 출제된 구조

N whose N be + p.p

Gil and Sharon, the writers whose books were selected for the Book of the Year, are now rich

O 전치사 + 관계대명사

[ I interviewed a woman]. + [ I had previously met with her].

-> I interviewed a woman whom I had previously met with.[that도 가능]

-> I interviewed a woman with whom I had previously met.

% 전치사가 도치되면 whom/ which만 사용 가능

O 수량 표현 + 관계대명사 [전체의 일부를 나타낼 때]

The class has 20 students. All of the students are boys.

-> The class has 20 students, and all of them are boys.

-> The class has 20 students, all of whom are boys.

The class has 20 students, ___ are boys. [who-주격 관계대명사]

many

some of ___ are /원래는 주격이지만 전치사 of의 목적어이므로 목적격이 된다.

all

N[사람] all/ some/ most of ___ 동사 - whom

N[사물] all/ some/most of ___ 동사 - which

Q. There were 50 attendees, and all of ___ are male.

a. them b. whom

I bought the books, some of ___ are comics.

a. them b.which

# 관계대명사의 생략- 주격

N [주격 관계대명사 + be] 과거분사

The location [which was] selected for the construction is~

-> The location selected for the construction is~

The employees[ who are] involved in the case are~

The company [which is] faced with the crisis is~

The party [who is] interested in the contract is~

N [주격 관계대명사 + be] 형용사

The person[ who is] responsible for reservations~

-> The person responsible for reservations~

%%. 후치 수식해주는 형용사

available, possible, suitable, appropriate

Q. The candidates ___ for the job will~

a. suitable b. suitably

N [주격 관계대명사 + be] 전치사구 / He is [on leave].<- 전치사구

The parking lot [which is] near our office is~

The parking lot near our office is ~

Those who are on duty -> Those on duty ~

Those who are in need -> Those in need ~

# 관계대명사의 생략 -목적격

who[m]

N which S+ V -> N [목적격] S+V

that

The car [that] I like –동사의 목적어

I am looking for -전치사의 목적어

I am interested in -전치사의 목적어

- The books that I like are~

Q. The topics ___ will discuss at the meeting are ~

a. our b. us c. ourselves d. we

4. 관계부사

선행사의 종류에 따라 각각 다른 관계부사가 쓰인다.

선행사 관계부사

시간 -> day, year, time when

이유 -> the reason why

장소 -> place where

방법 -> the way how [ the way와 같이 X ]

% 접속사 + 부사의 역할/ % 완벽한 문장이 온다

- Friday is the final day when discounts are offered.

- The apartment where I live has a gym and swimming pool.

- Olivia didn't give me a reason why she changed the terms of the contract.

- It is important to find out [the way/ how] the equipment works before using it.

-> 2개 중 1개만 사용

1] 관계부사 : [전치사 + 관계사]

The building where [=in which] the employees work is safe and secure.

*at, on도 가능

The date when [=on which] I started this job was February 28.

*during, at도 가능

2] 관계부사 + 완전한 절, 관계대명사 + 불완전한 절

There was a time when this restaurant served hundreds of customers each day.

That is the woman who complained about her order.

..................................................

lend : loan : borrow : rent

lend 4형식: 빌-려- 주-다, 대출하다

Shopright Program members should not lend their discount cards to anyone.

-물건이나 돈을 빌려주다

lend me some money-> lend some money to me

...................

loan 대출하다, 빌려 주다

The government will loan approximately $4 billion to struggling automakers.

-자금 등을 빌려주다

loan them some money

.......

borrow 3형식: 빌-리-다

The city council will borrow funds to pay for the redevelopment of the harbor area.

-돈, 물건 등을 빌려오는 것을 의미한다.

borrow money

.....

rent [요금을 내고] 빌리다, [요금을 받고] 빌려 주다 / n. 임대료

The firm rented several apartments for the overseas representatives to use.

-차, 집 등을 정기적 요금을 내고 빌리거나 요금을 받고 빌려주는 것을 의미

rent a car 차를 빌리다

the rental car 렌트카

.........

expire : invalidate

expire [계약, 유효기간이] 만기가 되다

The motorist was issued a driver's license that will expire in four years.

-It will expire soon => It will be no longer valid / effective

.............

invalidate [ 계약, 법을] 무효화하다

The lease was invalidated as the landlord did not comply with the agreement terms.

- expire vi.

- invalidate vt.