17강- 부사2

【시간 부사】

1)already/still/yet

The director has already approved the new loge design.

Sanator Bedford is still considering whether to run for reelection.

Has the schedule been posted yet?

* yet관용표현: 긍정문에 쓰여서 ‘아직’이라는 의미

have yet to/be yet to: 아직~하지 못했다

He has yet to finish the report.

He is yet to arrive.

2)ever/ago/once

Kevin rarely ever participated in extracurricular activities at school.

The manufacturing facility was inspected just a month ago.(시간+ago)

Ms. Young once attended Western State University.(한때)

A once popular restaurant operates in the building’s basement.(한때)

【빈도 부사 always, usually, often, hardly】

1)빈도부사의 종류

always(항상), almost(거의), often(자주), frequently(종종), usually(자주), once(한번), sometimes(때때로), hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, little(거의 ~않다)

2)빈도부사의 위치: 보통 일반 동사 앞/be동사 및 조동사 뒤에 위치

My sister often goes to the gym.[일반 동사 앞]

The room is so noisy that I can hardly concentrate on my work.[조동사 뒤]

Jenny is usually punctual.[be동사 뒤]

3)hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely 부정표현

Tom barely finished his assignment by the deadline.

We could hardly see the performance from our seats in the back row.

* hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, little 부정부사의 도치

① 일반 동사⇒:부정부사+do/does/did+주어+동사원형

② 조동사/be동사(have/has/had+pp포함)

-부정부사+조동사/be동사+주어

-부정부사+have/has/had+주어+pp

【접속 부사】

1)접속부사: 앞뒤 절의 의미를 연결해 주는 부사

otherwise: 달리, 그렇지 않으면

then: 그 이후에

meanwhile/meantime: 1)한편 2)그러는 동안에

else: 그렇지 않으면

instead: 대신에

ex)Having forgotten his passport, Mr. Harris was consequently unable to board his flight to Rome.

ex)Look over the tour package descriptions and then make a selection.

* otherwise: 일반 부사로 사용되어 동사, 형용사, 부사 수식. ‘그렇지 않게, 달리’ 또는 ‘다른 점에서’라는 의미

① ‘그렇지 않게, 달리’

Ms. Fields believes that the marketing campaign was effective, but the survey indicates otherwise.

-자주 사용되는 collocation

say/think/believe/suggest(보여주다/나타나다) + otherwise

② ‘다른 점에서’

The lead actor’s performance was the only disappointment in an otherwise excellent film.

2)접속부사는, 접속사 역할을 하는 세미콜론(;)과 함께 와야 한다.

It’s too far from here besides I don’t want to go there.(×)

It’s too far from here;besidesI don’t want to go there.(○)

Jack tried to cut down on his spending. (Although, However), he still ran short of money.

3)두 단어 이상으로 이루어진 부사구가 접속부사처럼 사용된다.

in addition: 게다가

in fact: 실제는, 사실은

as a result: 그 결과로

in particular: 특히

even so: 그렇다 할지라도

if so: 만약 그렇다면

to that end: 그 목적을 달성하기 위해서

by comparison: 그에 비해서

on the contrary: 그와는 반대로

in contrast: 대조적으로

→ 반드시 예문과 함께 기억!

I understand you. Even so, I can’t give you a ride now.

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【어휘편- 명사 관련 어구1】

1)sales figures: 판매수치

Increased market competition resulted in lower sales figures last quarter for Pressman Wines.

2)employee productivity: 직원 생산성

Overtime pay will be raise as part of a plan to maximize employee productivity.

3)circulation department: 판매부

The circulation department reported a 14 percent decline in the magazine’s readership.

* 출제포인트: circulation이 ‘유통, 보급’이라는 의미로 쓰였다.

cf)The most circulated magazine: 가장 많이 팔리는 잡지

4)contingency plan: 비상대책

Engineers worked on a contingency plan for the aircraft in cast of an emergency landing.

5)media coverage: 언론 보도

Media coverage of the new product launch helped raise the brand’s profile.

* 출제포인트: coverage가 ‘보도, 보도 범위’라는 의미로 사용되었다.

cf)insurance coverage: 보험의 보장 범위

6)apology for: ~에 대한 사과

Intra Telecom issued an apology for the temporary service outage.