개념

에문

함께 사용되는 표현

1

현재

반복되는 동작, 일반적인 사실

Robert usually takes the subway to commute to the office.

빈도부사와 자주 사용

→ often/usually/always/seldom

2

과거

이미 끝난 과거의 동작이나 상태

I shipped the requested sample products to the buyer two days ago.

last+시간, 시간+ago, once 한때에

the other day 요 전날

in+과거 달/년

recently 최근에(have+pp와도 함께 사용)

3

미래

미래의 상황에 대한 추측이나 의지

I will do my best to win the tennis competition.

next+시간, tomorrow

* ‘be+ing, be going to’도 미래 표현 가능

I am watching a movie tomorrow.

I am going to visit my parents next week.

*시간/조건의 종속절에서는, 미래 시제 대신 ‘현재 시제’사용(시제일치 예외)

접속사+S+V(종속절), S+V(주절)

-when/once/by the time/if/only if/unless

시간/조건 접속사+S+현재/현재완료, S+미래/미래완료

When the writer (will finish, finishes) the first draft, it will be reviewed immediately by the editor.

형태

개념

예문

1

현재 진행

am/is/are+ -ing

현재 진행되는 일을 표현한다.

* 함께 자주 사용되는 표현

presently/currently/now/at the moment

She is talking on the phone at the moment.

2

과거 진행

was/were+ -ing

특정한 과거 시점에 진행되고 있던 일을 표현한다.

I was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night.

3

미래 진행

will be+ -ing

특정한 미래 시점에 진행되고 있을 일을 표현한다.

By this time next Monday, we will be traveling to Paris!

* 진행 시제로 쓸 수 없는 동사

① 감정: like/hate/prefer/want

② 상태: be/exist/know/include/need/consist

I (am preferring, prefer) to relax in a quiet room alone.

개념

예문

함께 사용되는 표현

1

현재 완료

(has/have+p.p.)

경험/완료/계속

경험

I have repaired the car before.

ever/never/lately/recently

완료

I have just repaired the car.

just/already/yet

지속/계속

I have repaired the car for 5 hours.

for+기간, since+시점

2

과거 완료

(had+p.p)

과거의 특정 시점 이전에 발생한 일

When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.

By the time(접속사) ~할 때 즈음에

ex)By the time I finished the report, the boss had already left for the day.

3

미래 완료

(will have+p.p.)

미래 특정 시점 이전에 발생한 동작이 미래의 그 시점에 완료될 것임을 표현

I will have repaired the car by next Friday.

by+시간 관련 표현

단순 현재

always, regularly, normally, usually, generally, often/sometimes(가끔씩), each+시간 관련 표현

현재 진행

now, at the moment, presently, currently

과거

last+시간, 시간+ago, once(한때에), the other day, in+과거 달/년

지속/계속

I have been lonely for many years.

I have been lonely since you left me./since 2012.

완료

I have just finished my work.⇒ 이제, 막

I have already seen that movie.⇒ 벌써

I have not yet decided what to eat.⇒ 아직

경험/결과

I have never smoked before.

I have read this novel lately.

빈출 표현

so far, until now, up to now, up to present 지금까지

since then 그 이후로 쭉

for/in/over the last+기간

for/in/over the past+기간

ex)The sales have increased over the last year.

미래/미래완료

tomorrow, next+시간

by the time+주어+현재

once/when+주어+현재

현재

I write a book. 단순

I am writing a book. 진행

I have written a book. 완료

I have been writing a book. 완료진행

과거

I wrote a book.

I was writing a book.

I had written a book.

I had been writing a book.

미래

I will write a book.

I will be writing a book.

I will have written a book.

I will have been writing a book.