현재완료시제: have/has + p.p.

-> have/has는 일반동사가 아닌 조동사

-> p.p.는 동사가 아닌 과거분사

*불규칙동사

go-went-gone

sleep-slept-slept

run-ran-run

cut-cut-cut

read-read[red]-read[red] (발음 유의)

의미

1) 현재까지 계속되는 일: ~해왔다

2) 지금까지 경험해본 일: ~해본 적이 있다

-> before, ever, never, once, twice, ~ times(횟수) 등의 표현과 함께 사용

ex)

We have visited Europe many times.

I haven't tried Indian food. Is it good?

Tony has met the president before.

Have you (ever) ~?

-> Have you (ever) stayed up all night?

-> Have you (ever) made cookies?

I have never ~.

-> I have never owned a pet.

-> Bruce always studies very hard. He's never failed an exam.